This phenomena continues today. During the s and s, the economic fortunes of Juarez rose and fell with that of the United States. The end of Prohibition reduced tourism in Juarez, and the depression slowed the economy of both El Paso and Juarez.
The period from thru the s saw increased industrialization of Juarez. The Border Industrialization Program initiated the maquiladora, or twin plant, program where American companies opened factories in Mexico to take goods, raw materials and work-in-progress from the U.
Glass-blowing plant in Juarez. President Lyndon B. Johnson met in El Paso and Juarez to officially transfer to Mexico lands that had become part of the U. The Rio Grande now passes through Juarez and El Paso in a man-made canal so it can't change its course and consequently move the international border.
A strong international trade arrangement resulted. Today, with a population of over 2 million people, Juarez is one of the largest cities in Mexico.
Growth is still fueled by the maquiladora program and the general belief that economic opportunities are better in the north. The Handbook of Texas, Ron Tyler, ed. Timmons, El Paso: A Borderlands History. El Paso: Texas Western Press. Timmons, ed. Four Centuries at the Pass. El Paso: 4 Centuries 81 Foundation. Armando B. Mexico, D. Oscar J. Martinez, Austin: University of Texas Press. Pass of the North. Previous Next. He led his men through the mountains and named this pass "El Paso del Norte.
In addition, the ESG Program is used to fund short-term rental assistance to prevent homelessness, as well as to help move homeless persons back into permanent rental housing.
Finally, the program can assist street outreach programs to connect unsheltered homeless persons with local housing and supportive services. ESG Program funds are available annually and are awarded through the Department of Community and Human Development through a grant application process. A large dam and a series of acequias irrigation ditches made possible a flourishing agriculture.
The large number of vineyards produced wine and brandy said to have ranked with the best in the realm. In the presidio of San Elizario was founded to help in the defense of the El Paso settlements against the Apaches. Agriculture, ranching, and commerce continued to flourish, but the Rio Grande frequently overflowed its banks, causing great damage to fields, crops, and adobe structures. In the unpredictable river flooded much of the lower Rio Grande valley and formed a new channel that ran south of the towns of Ysleta, Socorro, and San Elizario, thus placing them on an island some twenty miles in length and two to four miles in width.
By this time a number of Americans were engaged in the Chihuahua trade, two of whom— James W. Magoffin and Hugh Stephenson —became El Paso pioneers at a later date. By late , aided by the gold rush to California, five settlements had been founded along the left bank of the Rio Grande. Northernmost was Frontera, established by T. In addition, the three Mexican towns of Ysleta, Socorro, and San Elizario were declared to be in the United States; thus by the bicultural, bilingual foundations of the future El Paso, Texas, were clearly established.
A number of important developments during the s shaped the character of the area north of the river. The United States Senate fixed a boundary between Texas and New Mexico at the thirty-second parallel, thus largely ignoring history and topography.
A military post called Fort Bliss was established in , and the Butterfield Overland Mail arrived in Although Confederate forces occupied Fort Bliss in , the tide began to turn in favor of the Union cause the following year, and in August the Stars and Stripes was raised once again over Fort Bliss. The local Southern sympathizers eventually received presidential pardons, but some, such as Simeon Hart, battled for years before they recovered their properties.
In the region had its own civil war, the Salt War of San Elizario , a bloody racial conflict that had little to do with salt, but that set Texan against Mexican, strong man against strong man, faction against faction, and the United States against Mexico. Bad blood, personality conflicts, and intense personal rivalries characterized the affair, and mob violence, rape, robbery, and murder went unpunished with the breakdown of law enforcement.
At length Fort Bliss, which had been shut down, was reestablished, and six months of bloodshed was brought to a halt. Most authorities agree that the arrival of the railroads in and was the single most significant event in El Paso history, as it transformed a sleepy, dusty little adobe village of several hundred inhabitants into a flourishing frontier community that became the county seat in and reached a population of more than 10, by As El Paso became a western boomtown, it also became "Six Shooter Capital" and "Sin City," where scores of saloons, dance halls, gambling establishments, and houses of prostitution lined the main streets.
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