Though there are many interesting details in Oliver's life, I am focusing only on those that may pertain to our Cleveland genealogy. Oliver, however, did sign his name was Williams in the parish register.
For purposes of the original immigrant question, it is interesting to note that Elizabeth had a brother named Alexander and a son-in-law named Roger. The family rumor that has been handed down through generations claims that the American Cleveland line is descended from Cromwell through a court beauty, Elizabeth Cleveland, who attracted first the attention of King Charles I.
She subsequently won the sympathies of Cromwell when he assumed control of government. According to the family rumor, she became Cromwell's mistress and had a son by him. This son, Alexander [William? Cromwell, the Natural Son of Oliver Cromwell. The first name of this son is never actually presented in this book. He is referred to as "Mr. Cromwell" throughout.
Consequently, there is some difference of opinion as to whether his name is Alexander or William. Many historians have dismissed this rumor as romantic speculation.
They cite Oliver's strictly Puritannical standards as reasons why Oliver would never have had an extra-marital affair. In fact, when one of Oliver's daughters became pregnant out of wedlock, he banished her to the American colonies. However, Alexander Cleveland was born c, when Oliver was about twenty-one years old. Oliver did not marry until August of that year Elizabeth Bourchier, by whom he had five sons and four daughters.
According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, "During his early married life, Cromwell, like his father, was profoundly conscious of his responsibilities to his fellow men He does not appear to have experienced conversion until he was nearly 30; later he described to a cousin how he emerged from darkness into light. Yet he had been unable to receive the grace of God without feeling a sense of 'self, vanity, and badness. John Baptist Church, Huntingdon, England, dated early of a personal nature is recorded.
Oliver Cromwell was rebuked for ill-doing and did penance. The nature of the wrong is not specified. Another entry made seven years later in has the same wording. Another one not dated has 'adulterer-Cromwell's bastard' written beside it in a different handwriting probably after This has been penned through. Also in the same register is written beside the entry of Cromwell's birth in ,?
John Baptist Church, Huntingdon, Eng. Most persons would do the same. He died on August 18, in Philadelphia. Aaron Cleveland, Sr. Aaron Cleveland, Jr. Samuel McCoskry Cleveland, M. Arthur Cleveland, Ph. Johnson on 30 January Treadwell Cleveland, Jr. The documents of the Cleveland Family Collection consist of publications, ephemera, correspondence, and a scrapbook filled with historical newspaper clippings, handbills, letters, and other materials.
Relatives, colleagues, friends, and opponents of Cleveland Family members created these materials, many of which concern Charles Dexter Cleveland , an educator affiliated with the antislavery and other reform movements. Charles Dexter both collected and included the bulk of the materials within the scrapbook. He also contributed most of the correspondence.
However, Charles Dexter's father, Rev. Charles Cleveland , a devoted clergyman and philanthropist, also generated a number of the collection's materials, such as his certificate of ordination, a publication called "Ninetieth Birthday Gathering," addresses, and a few letters. This collection reflects the personal beliefs and activities of influential Cleveland family members, as well as a number of key events that took place during the antebellum reform period of the nineteenth century.
The papers also document the Second Great Awakening, as revealed though the religious sentiment and rhetoric found mostly in the newspaper clippings. In addition, the collection chronicles the Cleveland family's lineage from through the mid-twentieth century. The various patriarchs of the Cleveland family were involved in countless charitable works; founded several churches and missionary societies; served in reform movements, such as prison and education reform; and engaged in the fight against slavery.
Charles Dexter Cleveland's diligent and vociferous fight to end the "peculiar institution" is largely revealed in the thick scrapbook that he mainly compiled the Scrapbook is the fourth series in the collection. The scrapbook forms the heart of the collection.
It includes a variety of documents: newspaper clippings, biographies, graduation booklets, letters, a genealogy, speeches, announcements, and ceremony booklets. The newspaper clippings reveal the most detailed information regarding the beliefs and activities of Charles Dexter Cleveland, as well as his father, Rev.
Charles Cleveland. Topics include: politics many clippings chronicle Republicanism and the Whig party ; an address to prisoners in a corrections facility that Rev. Charles Cleveland wrote in ; the activities affiliated with the Pennsylvania Underground Railroad during ; education for both women and men, literature, compendiums, and poetry; Charles Dexter's support for the freedom of Africans enslaved on The Amistad ; religion; and the Colored Population Bill Numerous articles pertaining to slavery, which dominate the scrapbook, contend with the abuse and homicide of slaves; slaves' testimonials; slaves' intellectual capabilities according to whites; freed slaves; postings for runaway slaves; church and the religious instruction of slaves; antislavery societies; Pennsylvania and slavery; laws regarding slaves in various states; the slave trade in Washington, D.
Articles regarding the rising conflict between the North and the South are also included, as well as the story of Rev. Charles T. Torrey, an abolitionist who abducted slaves to free them during the mid-nineteenth century. He subsequently was tried and convicted for his deeds.
Other issues included in the scrapbook deal with Texas and anti-annexation sentiment; the House of Corrections for Women; African colonization; freedom of speech; censorship of the press; and a reprint of a letter by John Quincy Adams. Still other topics involve the influence of abolition movements in the South; an abolition riot in Philadelphia; the Christiana murders of ; a public sale; the Civil War; censorship in Southern schools; the Philadelphia Women's Medical College; City Missions of Charles Cleveland; and Samuel McCoskry Cleveland's career.
Three additional documents that highlight the collection include a handbill for a morality play, called " Souls in Hell," which was performed at the Religious Theatre in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania in Charles Dexter inserted two noteworthy documents, a letter and newspaper clipping, which he received in January , into an envelope that reads, "anonymous letter and enclosures sent me by some pro-slavery miscreant. He declares that, ". Abolitionists are not emancipationists, but land pirates, enemies of mankind, upon whom summary punishment ought to be relentlessly inflicted.
He also argues that John Brown not only represents the sui generis monster and the true "American traitor," but also calls Brown the ". Sincere, earnest and determined Abolitionists, would, like Brown, march right upon the negro quarters, storm them, and covet martyrdom, however inevitable.
Cleveland, Citizen. Primary source material inserted into the scrapbook include: poems; a letter that Charles Dexter wrote to the Editor of the National Gazette regarding his support for freeing those captured and placed aboard The Amistad ; an article by Charles Dexter regarding clergymen; a letter from Treadwell Cleveland, Jr. In his diary, where he recorded more than he should have probably, on many occasions he writes, 'I rogered her. At night I read some Latin.
I said my prayers and had good health, good thoughts, and good humor, thank God Almighty. I rogered my wife again. So a Cleveland would be reluctant to use that name for several generations in the same way I would not name a child Gay now although I would have 30 years ago. Some genealogists claim that this Alexander was the father of the Alexander who married Milly Presley.
While the name Alexander does show up frequently in subsequent generations of the Southern line, there are no Moses Clevelands of note on this branch. If the passing along of a family name is to be considered as evidence against Roger, it can also work against Alexander, who chose not to pass along his father's name Moses to his offspring.
The concern of the "Alexander people" is that Roger seemed to appear, says R. Chris Cleaveland, "from nowhere" with no trace of him showing up in records back in the mother land of England. English records, however, do list an Alexander Cleveland as a son of Thomas de Cleveland of the Cleveland line established firmly in England.
The debate over the original immigrant of the Southern line will continue until some irrefutable evidence comes our way--a circumstance that seems unlikely to occur considering the scarcity of older records. In the meantime, those of us who spend a lot of time sharing genealogical information with other researchers have agreed that the fairest way is to present both sides and let each genealogist decide for himself.
According to Grace's theory, however, there are actually two Southern lines, sired by half-brothers John and Alexander Cleveland, both sons of Roger Cleveland.
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